Most encodings had only been designed to facilitate interoperation between a handful of scripts-often primarily between a given script and Latin characters-not between a large number of scripts, and not with all of the scripts supported being treated in a consistent manner. Indeed, any two encodings chosen were often totally unworkable when used together, with text encoded in one interpreted as garbage characters by the other. Unicode was originally designed with the intent of transcending limitations present in all text encodings designed up to that point: each encoding was relied upon for use in its own context, but with no particular expectation of compatibility with any other. Of these, UTF-8 is the most widely used by a large margin, in part due to its backwards-compatibility with ASCII. The Unicode Standard itself defines three encodings: UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32, though several others exist. Unicode text is processed and stored as binary data using one of several encodings, which define how to translate the standard's abstracted codes for characters into sequences of bytes. Topics covered by these annexes include character normalization, character composition and decomposition, collation, and directionality. To aid developers and designers, the standard also provides charts and reference data, as well as annexes explaining concepts germane to various scripts, providing guidance for their implementation. However, The Unicode Standard is more than just a repertoire within which characters are assigned. The Unicode character repertoire is synchronized with ISO/IEC 10646, each being code-for-code identical with one another. Unicode is used to encode the vast majority of text on the Internet, including most web pages, and relevant Unicode support has become a common consideration in contemporary software development. Unicode has largely supplanted the previous environment of myriad incompatible character sets, each used within different locales and on different computer architectures. Unicode is ultimately capable of encoding more than 1.1 million characters. Moreover, the widespread adoption of Unicode was in large part responsible for the initial popularization of emoji outside of Japan. Unicode encodes thousands of emoji, with the continued development thereof conducted by the Consortium as a part of the standard. Many common characters, including numerals, punctuation, and other symbols, are unified within the standard and are not treated as specific to any given writing system. Version 15.1 of the standard defines 149 813 characters and 161 scripts used in various ordinary, literary, academic, and technical contexts. Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard, is a text encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text written in all of the world's major writing systems. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This article contains uncommon Unicode characters.
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